• Transcription: This is like copying a recipe from a cookbook. The DNA's instructions are transcribed into a temporary copy called mRNA. This happens in the nucleus for eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm for prokaryotic cells.
• Translation: Think of this as following the recipe to make a dish. The mRNA is read by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and they assemble amino acids in the correct order to build a protein, just like putting together ingredients to make a meal.

1. Purpose:
   • Replication: Makes a copy of the entire DNA.
   • Transcription: Makes a copy of a specific gene to produce RNA.
2. Enzyme:
   • Replication: Uses DNA polymerase.
   • Transcription: Uses RNA polymerase.
3. Template:
   • Replication: Both DNA strands are used as templates.
   • Transcription: Only one DNA strand is used as a template.
4. Product:
   • Replication: Produces two identical DNA molecules.
   • Transcription: Produces a single-stranded RNA molecule.
5. Location:
   • Replication: Occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes) or cytoplasm (prokaryotes).
   • Transcription: Also occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes) or cytoplasm (prokaryotes), but the RNA might need further processing.

During DNA replication, a significant portion of the DNA molecule is untwisted. In contrast, during transcription, only a small portion of the DNA molecule is untwisted at a time.