tunica externa:outermost layer, contains collagen fibers

tunica media: middletunic, smooth muscles

tunica intima: endothelium, innermost layer

three layers of blood vessels from outside to inside

vasa vasorum

a blood vessel supplying blood to the larger blood vessel is called

continuous:gas exchange, found in brain, testes, lungs etc. least permeable and most common

fenestrated: active filtration and absorption, found in kidneys and small intestines

sinusoid: most permeable, found in liver, spleen, and especially bone marrow, lymphnodes

list the types of blood capillaries

arteriole > precapillary sphincter > true capillary and metaarteriole > venule

anatomy of capillary bed

veins; 65%

____ are the capacitance blood vessels that holds up to ___ of blood

100 - 140 mmHg

Normal range of systolic blood pressure is

rate, rhythm, volume, characteristics of an artery

when recording pulse, one should note:

blood pressure

force per unit area exerted on an interior of a vessel wall by the contained blood is called

pulmonary and systemic

the types of blood vessels circuits

pulmonary hypertension

high blood pressure in pulmonary vasculature is called

systemic hypertension

high blood pressure in systemic vasculature is called

vascular resistance

opposition to the blood flow is called

resistance

higher the friction, the higher the:

friction; higher

increase in blood viscosity will increase the ___ and __ the resistance

increase; increase

polycythemia will____ the friction and thereby___ resistance

decrease; decrease

anemia will___ the friction and thereby___ resistance

increase

increase in the length of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

decrease

increasing the diameter of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

directly

Resistance is____ proportional to length of blood vessels

inversely

Resistance is____ proportional to diameter of blood vessel

higher

Higher the turbulent flow___ the resistance in blood vessels

blood pressure

Difference in blood pressure between any two points in a blood vessel is the

directly

Rate of flow of blood is___ proportional to the difference of blood pressure at any two points in circulation

inversely

rate of flow of blood is___ proportional to resistance in a blood vessel

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Define pulse pressure

decrease

increasing the diameter of blood vessel will___ the resistance to blood flow

false

blood flow = resistance/blood pressure

NFP = (HPc - HPif) - (OPc - OPif)

Net filtration rate from a capillary is equal to

blood pressure

force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood is called

true

the blood pressure in the capillaries ranges from to 20 to 40 mmHg

aorta

the coronary arteries arises from the

right atrium

the inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the

kidneys

the major long term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the

vasoconstriction

reduction in lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as

vasodilation

the increase in lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle relaxes is known as

capillaries and tissue cells

exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the

circulatory shock

any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called

precapilllary sphincter

which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance of each true capllary

celiac trunk

the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries are the branch of which of the following atery

elastic arteries

which of the following types of blood vessels have the thickest tunica media of all vessels

walking on heels with pressure on the calf muscles

which of the following conditions may not develop the varicose veins

veins

at any given time, up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in

changes in blood pressure

most neural controls of blood pressure involve the input from baroreceptors that are sensitive to

the aorta

which of the following blood vessels is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis

true

the heart produces a hormone called atrial natriuretic peptide that causes blood volume and blood pressure to decline

sphygmomanometer

the device used to measure blood pressure is called

stethoscope; sounds of korotkoff

the device used for listening to the breath sound is called___ and the sound produced by the blood flow through the narrow blood vessel during blood pressure measurement is called___ sound

baroreceptor control, chemoreceptor control, carotid sinus reflex, aortic body reflex

which of the following is a component of short term mechanism of blood pressure control?

right and left brachiocephalic vein

superior vena cava is formed by the union of which of the veins

celiac trunk

which of the following arteries gives rise to common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries?

great saphenous vein

which of the following veins is the longest in the body

aorta

posterior intercostal arteries are branches of

medially in the upper limb

basilic vein (superficial vein) is located

femoral vein is located medial to femoral artery

which of the following is true of femoral blood vessels

right atrium

superior and inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac veins are the major blood vessels entering the

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

a thrombus in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the

external common carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck

internal common carotid artery supplies the brain

subclavian goes to the upper limb

the aorta

ascending aorta

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk (right/left)

subclavian artery (left/right)

subclavian carotid artery (right/left)

common carotid artery (right/left)

internal/external carotid artery

internal/external carotid artery

subclavian artery

axillary artery

brachicephalic trunk

middle cerebral artery

internal carotid artery

circle of willis (vertebra artery, pontine artery, basilar artery, post cerebral artery,middle cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery)

right subclavian artery

left subclavian artery

brachiocephalic trunk

posteruir intercostal artery

internal thoracic artery

brachial artery

axillary artery

radial artery

ulnar artery

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery

gastroduodenal artery

right/left gastric artery

splenic artery

left/right gastroepoploic artery

adrenal (suprarenal) gland

middle suprarenal artery

renal artery

superior mesentric artery

gonadal artery

inferior mesenteric artery common artery

common iliac artery

internal iliac artery

external iliac artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

anterior tibial artery

posterior tibial artery

fibular artery

dorasalis pedis artery

external/internal jugular veins combine to give rise to common iliac vein, common iliac vein combines to give rise to inferior vena cava

external jugular vein

internal jugular vein

subclavian vein

superior sagittal sinus

inferior sagittal sinus

straight sinus

transverse sinuses

sigmoid sinus

jugular foramen

right internal jugular vein

brachiocephalic veins

axillary vein

brachial vein

basilic vein

internal jugular vein

external jugular vein

superior vena cava

median cubital vein

cephalic vein

radial vein

basilic vein

ulnar vein

left renal vein is longer, right renal vein is shorter

inferior vena cava

right suprarenal vein

left suprarenal vein

renal veins

left gonadal vein

common iliac vein

internal iliac vein

inferior mesenteric vein

superior mesenteric vein

popliteal vein

fibular vein

anterior tibial vein

internal iliac vein

external iliac vein

femoral vein

great saphenous vein

a set of capillaries arising from an organ,, that enters into another organ and breaks down into another set of capillaries

portal system