-the body's framework, composed of cartilage & bone
-in embryos the skeleton is predominantly made up of hyaline cartilage, replaced by more rigid bone.

Skeleton

-supports and protects the body
-responsible for body movement
-bones store lipid and minerals
-site of hematopoiesis

Functions of the skeleton.

-bones that lie around the body's center of gravity

Axial Skeleton

-bones of the limbs or appendages

Appendicular Skeleton

-covers bone ends at movable joints

Articular cartilage

-connects ribs to sternum

Costal cartilage

-constructs the larynx (voice box)

Laryngeal Cartilage

-reinforce passageways of the respiratory system

Tracheal & Bronchial Cartilage

-supports the external nose

Nasal Cartilage

-separates and cushions bones of the spine

Invertebral Discs

-dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

Perichondrium

-provides sturdy support with some resilience
-most skeletal cartilage is hyaline cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

-more flexible than hyaline cartilage
-located in the external ear and epiglottis

Elastic Cartilage

-consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers
-great tensile strength, can withstand heavy compression

Fibrocartilage

-smooth and homogenous

Compact Bone

-composed of small bars of bones and lots of open space

Spongy Bone

-much longer than they are wide
-generally consists of a shaft with heads at either end
-predominantly composed of compact bone
-examples: femur & phalanges

Long Bones

-typically cube shaped
-contains more spongy bone than compact bone
-example: tarsal and carpals

Short Bones

-generally thin with 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them
-many flat bones are curved

Flat Bones

-bones that do not fall into any of the categories
-ex: vertebrae

Irregular Bones

-special types of short bones formed in tendons
-Example: patellas

Sesamoid Bones

-tiny bones between cranial bones

Sutural Bones

-large rounded projection

Tuberosity

-narrow ridge of bone

Crest

-very large, blunt, irregulary shaped process

Trochanter

-narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Line

- small rounded projection or process

Tubercle

-raised area on or above a condyle

Epicondyle

-sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Spine

-any bony prominence

Process

-bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Head

-smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Facet

-rounded articular projection

Condyle

-armlike bar of bone

Ramus

-furrow

Groove

-narrow, slitlike opening

Fissure

-round or oval opening through a bone

Foramen

-indentation at the edge of a structure

Notch

-canal like passageway

Meatus

-bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Sinus

-shallow basin-like depression in a bone

Fossa

-the shaft of a bone
-composed of compact bone
-has a smooth surface

Diaphysis

-fibrous membrane covering the bone

Periosteum

-fibers of the periosteum that penetrates into the bone

Perforating Fibers

Periosteum

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are found on the inner, or osteogenic layer of the _____________.

-end of the long bong
-composed of a thin layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone

Epiphysis

-thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth

Epiphyseal Plate

-storage region for adipose tissue, or yellow bone marrow

Medullary Cavity

barely, discernible remnants

Epiphyseal Lines

-runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
-carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels through the bony matrix

Central (Haversian) Canal

the central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it

Osteons

-tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then lamella to lamella
-forms dense transportation networks through the hard bone matrix, connecting all the living cells of the osteon to the nutrient supply

Canaliculi