Exercise 19: Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves
A = POSTCENTRAL GYRUS
B = PARIETAL LOBE
C = PARIETO-OCCIPITAL SULCUS
D = OCCIPITAL LOBE
E = CEREBELLUM
HUMAN BRAIN- RIGHT LATERAL VIEW -(A - E)
F = PRECENTRAL GYRUS
G = CENTRAL SULCUS
H = FRONTAL LOBE
I = LATERAL SULCUS
J = TEMPORAL LOBE
K = PONS
L = MEDULLA
HUMAN BRAIN- RIGHT LATERAL VIEW -(F - L)
TEMPORAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
AUDITORY CORTEX
FRONTAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
PARIETAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX
TEMPORAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
OLFACTORY CORTEX
OCCIPITAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
VISUAL CORTEX
FRONTAL LOBE
IN WHICH OF THE CEREBRAL LOBES ARE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS FOUND?
BROCA'S AREA
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, CEREBELLUM, DIENCEPHALON
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES ARE NOT PART OF THE BRAIN STEM?
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, PONS, MIDBRAIN, CEREBELLUM, MEDULLA, DIENCEPHALON
GYRUS
AN _______ IS A ELEVATED RIDGE OF CEREBRAL TISSUE.
SURFACE AREA
THE CONVOLUTIONS SEEN IN THE CEREBRUM ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY INCREASE THE _______.
NEURON CELL BODIES
GRAY MATTER IS COMPOSED OF ______.
AXONS
WHITE MATTER IS COMPOSED OF ______.
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ASSOCIATION TRACT; PROJECTION TRACT
A FIBER TRACT THAT PROVIDES FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE SAME CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE IS CALLED A(N)______, WHEREAS ONE THAT CARRIES IMPULSES FROM THE CEREBRUM TO LOWER CNS AREAS IS CALLED A(N) __________ TRACT.
BASAL NUCLEI
THE LENTIFORM NUCLEUS ALONE WITH THE CAUDATE NUCLEI ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED THE _______.
1. (SMALL PART OF) CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
2. CORPUS CALLOSUM
3. SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM
4. FORNIX
5. INTERMEDIATE MASS
6. HYPOTHALAMUS
7. OPTIC CHIASMA
8. MAMMILLARY BODIES
9. PITUITARY GLAND
(1-9) SAGITTAL VIEW OF THE HUMAN BRAIN STEM AND DIENCEPHALON
10. CHOROID PLEXUS
11. THALAMUS
12. PINEAL GLAND
13. CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA
14. CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE
15. CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT
16. FOURTH VENTRICLE
17. PONS
18. CEREBELLUM
19. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
(10-19) SAGITTAL VIEW OF THE HUMAN BRAIN STEM AND DIENCEPHALON
HYPOTHALAMUS
SITE OF REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE AND WATER BALANCE; MOST IMPORTANT AUTONOMIC CENTER
CHOROID PLEXUS
CONSCIOUSNESS DEPENDS ON THE FUNCTION OF THIS PART OF THE BRAIN
CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA
LOCATED IN THE MIDBRAIN; CONTAINS REFLEX CONTERS FOR VISION AND AUDITION
CEREBELLUM
RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATION OF POSTURE AND COORDINATION OF COMPLEX MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS
THALAMUS
IMPORTANT SYNAPSE SITE FOR AFFERENT FIBERS TRAVELING TO THE SENSORY CORTEX
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
CONTAINS AUTONOMIC CENTERS REGULATING BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE, AND RESPIRATORY RHYTHM, AS WELL AS COUGHING, SNEEZING, AND SWALLOWING CENTERS
CORPUS CALLOSUM
LARGE COMMISSURE CONNECTING THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
FORNIX
FIBER TRACT INVOLVED WITH OLFACTION
CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT
CONNECTS THE THRID AND FOURTH VENTRICLES
THALAMUS
ENCLOSES THE THIRD VENTRICLE
FORBRAIN
EMBRYOLOGICALLY, THE BRAIN ARISES FROM THE ROSTRAL END OF A TUBELIKE STRUCTURE THAT QUICKLY BECOMES DIVIDED INTO THREE MAJOR REGIONS. GROUP OF STRUCTURES THAT DEVELOP FROM THE EMBRYONIC BRAIN ARE LISTED BELOW. DESIGNATE THE EMBRYONIC ORIGIN:
THE DIENCEPHALON, INCLUDING THE THALAMUS, OPTIC CHIASMA, AND HYPOTHALAMUS
HINDBRAIN
EMBRYOLOGICALLY, THE BRAIN ARISES FROM THE ROSTRAL END OF A TUBELIKE STRUCTURE THAT QUICKLY BECOMES DIVIDED INTO THREE MAJOR REGIONS. GROUP OF STRUCTURES THAT DEVELOP FROM THE EMBRYONIC BRAIN ARE LISTED BELOW. DESIGNATE THE EMBRYONIC ORIGIN:
THE MEDULLA, PONS, AND CEREBELLUM
FOREBRAIN
EMBRYOLOGICALLY, THE BRAIN ARISES FROM THE ROSTRAL END OF A TUBELIKE STRUCTURE THAT QUICKLY BECOMES DIVIDED INTO THREE MAJOR REGIONS. GROUP OF STRUCTURES THAT DEVELOP FROM THE EMBRYONIC BRAIN ARE LISTED BELOW. DESIGNATE THE EMBRYONIC ORIGIN:
THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
CONTROLLING VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS AND ESTABLISHING POSTURES.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE BASAL GANGLIA?
FIBERS OF THE INTERNAL CAPSULE PASS THROUGH THE DIENCEPHALON AND BASAL NUCLEI, GIVES THEM STRIPED APPEARANCE. THEREFORE, THEY ARE RELATED AND REFFERED TO AS CORPUS STRIATUM (STRIPED BODY).
WHAT IS THE CORPUS STRIATUM, AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO THE FIBERS OF THE INTERNAL CAPSULE?
FIBERS CROSS TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE BRAIN THROUGH THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
A BRAIN HEMORRHAGE WITHIN THE REGION OF THE RIGHT INTERNAL CAPSULE RESULTS IN PARALYSIS OF THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BODY. EXPLAIN WHY THE LEFT SIDE (RATHER THEN THE RIGHT SIDE) IS AFFECTED.
THE BASE OF THE BRAIN IS MORE DANGEROUS THEN TRAUMA TO FRONTAL LOBES BECAUSE IT CONTAINS THE CENTERS MORE VITAL TO LIFE SUCH AS, RESPIRATORY, CARDIAC, AND VASOMOTOR CENTERS.
EXPLAIN WHY TRAUMA TO THE BASE OF THE BRAIN IS OFTEN MUCH MORE DANGEROUS THEN TRAUMA TO THE FRONTAL LOBE. (HINT: THINK ABOUT THE RELATIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND THE BRAIN STEM STRUCTURES. WHICH CONTAIN CENTERS MORE VITAL TO LIFE?)
CORPUS CALLOSUM
IN "SPLIT BRAIN" EXPERIMENTS, THE MAIN COMMISSURE CONNECTING THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES IS CUT. FIRST, NAME THE COMMISSURE.
PERSON WILL BE UNABLE TO VOCALLY NAME WHAT THEY ARE/HAVE SEEN. A PERSON'S MEMORY IS GENERALLY LOWER THEN NORMAL. CONTROL AND MEMORY CAN BE AFFECTED BY THE SPLIT BRAIN EXAMPLES: MATHEMATICS AND SPEECH CAN BE AFFECTED, LOSS OF DREAMS, CAN BECOME MUTE, AND CANT CONTROL LEFT SIDE OF BODY.
DESCRIBE WHAT RESULTS (IN TERMS OF BEHAVIOR) CAN BE ANTICIPATED IN SUCH EXPERIMENTS. "SPLIT BRAIN"
DURA MATER
OUTERMOST MENINX COVERING THE BRAIN; COMPOSED OF TOUGH FIBEROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
PIA MATER
INNERMOST MENINX COVERING THE BRAIN; DELICATE AND HIGHLY VASCULAR
ARACHNOID VILLI
STRUCTURES INSTRUMENTAL IN RETURNING CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TO THE VENOUS BLOOD IN THE DURAL SINUSES
CHOROID PLEXUS
STRUCTURE THAT FORMS THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
ARACHNOID MATER
MIDDLE MENINX; LIKE A COBWEB IN STRUCTURE
DURA MATER
ITS OUTER LAYER FORMS THE PERIOSTEUM OF THE SKULL
FALX CEREBRI
A DURAL FOLD THAT ATTACHES THE CEREBRUM TO THE CRISTA GALLI OF THE SKULL
LABEL THE STRUCTURES INVOLVED WITH CIRCULATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ON THE ACCOMPANYING DIAGRAM.
TENTORIUM CEREBELLI
A DURAL FOLD SEPARATING THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM
CORRECTLY IDENTIFY ALL STRUCTURES INDICATED BY LEADER LINES ON THE DIAGRAM
1. SUBARACHNOID SPACE
2. ARACHNOID VILLI
3. DURAL SINUSES
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FLOWS FROM THE FOURTH VENTRICLE INTO THE CENTRAL CANAL OF THE SPINAL CORD AND THE ____1____ SPACE SURROUNDING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD. FROM THIS SPACE IT DRAINS THROUGH THE ___2___ INTO THE ___3___.
CRANIAL NERVE XI (ACCESORY)
ROTATING THE HEAD
CRANIAL NERVE I (OLFACTORY)
SMELLING A FLOWER
CRANIAL NERVES III (OCULOMOTOR) AND X (VAGUS)
RAISING THE EYELIDS; PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION
CRANIAL NERVE X (VAGUS)
SLOWING THE HEART, INCREASING MOTILITY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
CRANIAL NERVE VII (FACIAL)
INVOLVED IN BELL'S PALSY (FACIAL PARALYSIS)
CRANIAL NERVE V (TRIGEMINAL)
CHEWING FOOD
CRANIAL NERVE VIII (VESTIBULOCOHLEAR)
LISTENING TO MUSIC; SEASICKNESS
CRANIAL NERVE VII (FACIAL)
SECRETION OF SALIVA; TASTING WELL-SEASONED FOOD
CRANIAL NERVES III, IV, VI
INVOLVED IN "ROLLING" THE EYES (THREE NERVES PROVIDE NUMBERS ONLY)
CRANIAL NERVE V (TRIGEMINAL)
FEELING A TOOTHACHE
CRANIAL NERVE II (OPTIC)
READING THE NEWSPAPER
CRANIAL NERVES I, II, VIII
PURELY SENSORY IN FUNCTION (THREE NERVES, NUMBERS ONLY)